SQL Server: Wyodrębnij metadane tabeli (opis, pola i ich typy danych)

Ogólne informacje o tabelach i kolumnach można znaleźć w tych tabelach:

select * from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES
select * from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS

Opis tabeli jest rozszerzoną właściwością, można je odpytywać z sys.extended_properties:

select 
    TableName = tbl.table_schema + '.' + tbl.table_name, 
    TableDescription = prop.value,
    ColumnName = col.column_name, 
    ColumnDataType = col.data_type
FROM information_schema.tables tbl
INNER JOIN information_schema.columns col 
    ON col.table_name = tbl.table_name
    AND col.table_schema = tbl.table_schema
LEFT JOIN sys.extended_properties prop 
    ON prop.major_id = object_id(tbl.table_schema + '.' + tbl.table_name) 
    AND prop.minor_id = 0
    AND prop.name = 'MS_Description' 
WHERE tbl.table_type = 'base table'

Możesz spróbować sp_help <Name of object>

Najbardziej podobała mi się odpowiedź @ Andomar, ale przydały mi się też opisy kolumn. Oto jego zapytanie zmodyfikowane, aby uwzględnić również te. (Odkomentuj ostatnią część klauzuli WHERE, aby zwrócić tylko wiersze, w których każdy opis jest inny niż null).

SELECT
    TableName = tbl.table_schema + '.' + tbl.table_name, 
    TableDescription = tableProp.value,
    ColumnName = col.column_name, 
    ColumnDataType = col.data_type,
    ColumnDescription = colDesc.ColumnDescription
FROM information_schema.tables tbl
INNER JOIN information_schema.columns col 
    ON col.table_name = tbl.table_name
LEFT JOIN sys.extended_properties tableProp 
    ON tableProp.major_id = object_id(tbl.table_schema + '.' + tbl.table_name) 
        AND tableProp.minor_id = 0
        AND tableProp.name = 'MS_Description' 
LEFT JOIN (
    SELECT sc.object_id, sc.column_id, sc.name, colProp.[value] AS ColumnDescription
    FROM sys.columns sc
    INNER JOIN sys.extended_properties colProp
        ON colProp.major_id = sc.object_id
            AND colProp.minor_id = sc.column_id
            AND colProp.name = 'MS_Description' 
) colDesc
    ON colDesc.object_id = object_id(tbl.table_schema + '.' + tbl.table_name)
        AND colDesc.name = col.COLUMN_NAME
WHERE tbl.table_type = 'base table'
--AND tableProp.[value] IS NOT NULL OR colDesc.ColumnDescription IS NOT null

Korzystanie Z Widoków Katalogu Obiektów:

SELECT  T.NAME AS [TABLE NAME], C.NAME AS [COLUMN NAME], P.NAME AS [DATA TYPE], P.MAX_LENGTH AS[SIZE],   CAST(P.PRECISION AS VARCHAR) +‘/’+ CAST(P.SCALE AS VARCHAR) AS [PRECISION/SCALE]
FROM ADVENTUREWORKS.SYS.OBJECTS AS T
JOIN ADVENTUREWORKS.SYS.COLUMNS AS C
ON T.OBJECT_ID=C.OBJECT_ID
JOIN ADVENTUREWORKS.SYS.TYPES AS P
ON C.SYSTEM_TYPE_ID=P.SYSTEM_TYPE_ID
WHERE T.TYPE_DESC=‘USER_TABLE’;

Korzystanie Z Widoków Schematu Informacyjnego

SELECT TABLE_SCHEMA, TABLE_NAME, COLUMN_NAME, ORDINAL_POSITION,
       COLUMN_DEFAULT, DATA_TYPE, CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH,
       NUMERIC_PRECISION, NUMERIC_PRECISION_RADIX, NUMERIC_SCALE,
       DATETIME_PRECISION
FROM ADVENTUREWORKS.INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS

Jeśli ciągniesz zapytania za pomocą kodu java, istnieje świetna klasa, która może być używana, ResultSetMetaData, która może pobierać nazwy kolumn i właściwości kolumn (typ i długość).

Przykład

ResultSet rs = null;

        rs = sql.executeQuery();

        if (rs != null) {
            if (rs.next()) {
                ResultSetMetaData rsmd = rs.getMetaData();
                for (int i = 1; i <= rsmd.getColumnCount(); i++) {
                    System.out.println("column name: "
                            + rsmd.getColumnName(i));
                    System.out.println("column size: "
                            + rsmd.getColumnDisplaySize(i));
                }
            }

W zależności od tego, ile metadanych chcesz, to działa dla mnie: gdzie może być cała sprawa jak Northwind.dbo.Produkty lub tylko produkty

SELECT c.name Field, 
    t.name Type,
    c.Precision, 
    c.Scale,
    c.is_nullable,
    c.collation_name 
FROM sys.columns c 
INNER JOIN sys.types t ON t.system_type_id=c.system_type_id
WHERE object_id=object_id('<table to inspect>')
ORDER BY column_id

Używam tego kodu SQL, aby uzyskać wszystkie informacje o kolumnie.

SELECT
COL.COLUMN_NAME,
ORDINAL_POSITION,
DATA_TYPE,
CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH,
NUMERIC_PRECISION,
NUMERIC_PRECISION_RADIX,
NUMERIC_SCALE,
DATETIME_PRECISION,
IS_NULLABLE,
CONSTRAINT_TYPE,
COLUMNPROPERTY(object_id(COL.TABLE_NAME), COL.COLUMN_NAME, 'IsIdentity') IS_IDENTITY,
COLUMNPROPERTY(object_id(COL.TABLE_NAME), COL.COLUMN_NAME, 'IsComputed') IS_COMPUTED

FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS COL 
LEFT OUTER JOIN 
(
    SELECT COLUMN_NAME, CONSTRAINT_TYPE 
    FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.CONSTRAINT_COLUMN_USAGE A
    INNER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS B 
    ON A.CONSTRAINT_NAME = B.CONSTRAINT_NAME
    WHERE A.TABLE_NAME = 'User'
) CONS
ON COL.COLUMN_NAME = CONS.COLUMN_NAME
WHERE COL.TABLE_NAME = 'User'

Jeśli chcesz po prostu wyświetlić informacje w wygodny sposób, może pomóc wiersz SQL Red Gate.

Jeśli najedziesz na tekst obiektu w oknie zapytania, znak SQL Prompt wyświetli Rozszerzony tekst właściwości MS_Description w podpowiedzi. Kliknięcie na etykiecie otworzy okno dialogowe wyświetlające informacje o kolumnie, a także DDL obiektu.

Http://www.red-gate.com/products/sql-development/sql-prompt/

Jeśli można używać kodu. NET to proponuję użyć SMO: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms162169.aspx , w twoim konkretnym przypadku byłaby to klasa Tabeli http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/microsoft.sqlserver.management.smo.table.aspx Byłoby to bardziej przenośne rozwiązanie niż używanie widoków i tabel systemowych specyficznych dla danej wersji.

Jeśli jest to coś, z czego będziesz regularnie korzystać - możesz napisać prostą aplikację konsolową, być może z generatorem kodu runtime T4 http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee844259.aspx

Jeśli to tylko jednorazowe zadanie-możesz użyć mojego LiveDoco ( http://www.livedoco.com ) eksport do funkcji XML za pomocą opcjonalnej transformacji XSLT lub jestem pewien, że istnieją darmowe narzędzia, które mogą to zrobić. Ta wygląda dobrze: http://sqldbdoc.codeplex.com/ - obsługuje XML poprzez XSLT, ale nie jestem pewien, czy możesz go uruchomić dla wybranych tabel (z LiveDoco możesz).

  SELECT
    sc.name AS ColumnName
   ,ep.*
  FROM
    sys.columns AS sc
    INNER JOIN sys.extended_properties AS ep
      ON ep.major_id = sc.[object_id]
         AND ep.minor_id = sc.column_id
  WHERE

--here put your desired table
    sc.[object_id] = OBJECT_ID('[Northwind].[dbo].[Products]')

-- this is optional, remove this and you get all extended props
    AND ep.name = 'MS_Description'

select Col.name Columnname,prop.Value Description, tbl.name Tablename, sch.name schemaname
    from sys.columns col  left outer join  sys.extended_properties prop
                    on prop.major_id =  col.object_id and prop.minor_id = col.column_id
                    inner join sys.tables tbl on col.object_id =  tbl.object_id
                    Left outer join sys.schemas sch on sch.schema_id = tbl.schema_id

Właśnie skończyłem bibliotekę. Net z kilkoma przydatnymi zapytaniami, które zwracają silnie wpisane obiekty C# dla szablonów kodu gen / t4.

Nuget Sqlmeta

Strona Projektu

Github source

/// <summary>
    ///     Get All Table Names
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public List<string> GetTableNames()
    {
        var sql = @"SELECT name
                    FROM dbo.sysobjects
                    WHERE xtype = 'U' 
                    AND name <> 'sysdiagrams'
                    order by name asc";

        return databaseWrapper.Call(connection => connection.Query<string>(
            sql: sql))
            .ToList();
    }

    /// <summary>
    ///     Get table info by schema and table or null for all
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="schema"></param>
    /// <param name="table"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public List<SqlTableInfo> GetTableInfo(string schema = null, string table = null)
    {
        var result = new List<SqlTableInfo>();

        var sql = @"SELECT
                    c.TABLE_CATALOG AS [TableCatalog]
                ,   c.TABLE_SCHEMA AS [Schema]
                ,   c.TABLE_NAME AS [TableName]
                ,   c.COLUMN_NAME AS [ColumnName]
                ,   c.ORDINAL_POSITION AS [OrdinalPosition]
                ,   c.COLUMN_DEFAULT AS [ColumnDefault]
                ,   c.IS_NULLABLE AS [Nullable]
                ,   c.DATA_TYPE AS [DataType]
                ,   c.CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH AS [CharacterMaxLength]
                ,   c.CHARACTER_OCTET_LENGTH AS [CharacterOctetLenth]
                ,   c.NUMERIC_PRECISION AS [NumericPrecision]
                ,   c.NUMERIC_PRECISION_RADIX AS [NumericPrecisionRadix]
                ,   c.NUMERIC_SCALE AS [NumericScale]
                ,   c.DATETIME_PRECISION AS [DatTimePrecision]
                ,   c.CHARACTER_SET_CATALOG AS [CharacterSetCatalog]
                ,   c.CHARACTER_SET_SCHEMA AS [CharacterSetSchema]
                ,   c.CHARACTER_SET_NAME AS [CharacterSetName]
                ,   c.COLLATION_CATALOG AS [CollationCatalog]
                ,   c.COLLATION_SCHEMA AS [CollationSchema]
                ,   c.COLLATION_NAME AS [CollationName]
                ,   c.DOMAIN_CATALOG AS [DomainCatalog]
                ,   c.DOMAIN_SCHEMA AS [DomainSchema]
                ,   c.DOMAIN_NAME AS [DomainName]
                ,   IsPrimaryKey = CONVERT(BIT, (SELECT
                            COUNT(*)
                        FROM    INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS tc
                            ,   INFORMATION_SCHEMA.CONSTRAINT_COLUMN_USAGE cu
                        WHERE CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'PRIMARY KEY'
                        AND tc.CONSTRAINT_NAME = cu.CONSTRAINT_NAME
                        AND tc.TABLE_NAME = c.TABLE_NAME
                        AND cu.TABLE_SCHEMA = c.TABLE_SCHEMA
                        AND cu.COLUMN_NAME = c.COLUMN_NAME)
                    )
                ,   IsIdentity = CONVERT(BIT, (SELECT
                            COUNT(*)
                        FROM sys.objects obj
                        INNER JOIN sys.COLUMNS col
                            ON obj.object_id = col.object_id
                        WHERE obj.type = 'U'
                        AND obj.Name = c.TABLE_NAME
                        AND col.Name = c.COLUMN_NAME
                        AND col.is_identity = 1)
                    )
                FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS c
                WHERE (@Schema IS NULL
                        OR c.TABLE_SCHEMA = @Schema)
                    AND (@TableName IS NULL
                        OR c.TABLE_NAME = @TableName)
                    ";

        var columns = databaseWrapper.Call(connection => connection.Query<SqlColumnInfo>(
            sql: sql,
            param: new { Schema = schema, TableName = table },
            commandType: CommandType.Text)
            .ToList());

        var refs = this.GetReferentialConstraints(table: table, schema: schema);

        foreach (var tableName in columns.Select(info => info.TableName).Distinct())
        {
            var tableColumns = columns.Where(info => info.TableName == tableName).ToList();
            var children = refs.Where(c => c.UniqueTableName == tableName).ToList();
            var parents = refs.Where(c => c.TableName == tableName).ToList();
            result.Add(new SqlTableInfo
            {
                TableName = tableName,
                Columns = tableColumns,
                ChildConstraints = children,
                ParentConstraints = parents
            });

        }

        return result;
    }

    public List<SqlReferentialConstraint> GetReferentialConstraints(string table = null, string schema = null)
    {
        //https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa175805%28v=sql.80%29.aspx
        //https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/Aa175805.312ron1%28l=en-us,v=sql.80%29.jpg
        //https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms186778.aspx

        var sql = @"
                    SELECT
                        KCU1.CONSTRAINT_NAME AS [ConstraintName]
                    ,   KCU1.TABLE_NAME AS [TableName]
                    ,   KCU1.COLUMN_NAME AS [ColumnName]
                    ,   KCU2.CONSTRAINT_NAME AS [UniqueConstraintName]
                    ,   KCU2.TABLE_NAME AS [UniqueTableName]
                    ,   KCU2.COLUMN_NAME AS [UniqueColumnName]
                    ,   RC.MATCH_OPTION AS [MatchOption]
                    ,   RC.UPDATE_RULE AS [UpdateRule]
                    ,   RC.DELETE_RULE AS [DeleteRule]
                    FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS RC
                    LEFT JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE KCU1 ON KCU1.CONSTRAINT_CATALOG = RC.CONSTRAINT_CATALOG
                        AND KCU1.CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA = RC.CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA
                        AND KCU1.CONSTRAINT_NAME = RC.CONSTRAINT_NAME
                    LEFT JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE KCU2 ON KCU2.CONSTRAINT_CATALOG = RC.UNIQUE_CONSTRAINT_CATALOG
                        AND KCU2.CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA = RC.UNIQUE_CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA
                        AND KCU2.CONSTRAINT_NAME = RC.UNIQUE_CONSTRAINT_NAME
                    WHERE KCU1.ORDINAL_POSITION = KCU2.ORDINAL_POSITION
                            AND (@Table IS NULL
                                OR KCU1.TABLE_NAME = @Table
                                OR KCU2.TABLE_NAME = @Table)
                            AND (@Schema IS NULL
                                OR KCU1.TABLE_SCHEMA = @Schema
                                OR KCU2.TABLE_SCHEMA = @Schema)
                    ";

        return databaseWrapper.Call(connection => connection.Query<SqlReferentialConstraint>(
            sql: sql,
            param: new { Table = table, Schema = schema },
            commandType: CommandType.Text))
            .ToList();
    }

    /// <summary>
    ///     Get Primary Key Column by schema and table name
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="schema"></param>
    /// <param name="tableName"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public string GetPrimaryKeyColumnName(string schema, string tableName)
    {
        var sql = @"SELECT
                    B.COLUMN_NAME
                FROM    INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS A
                    ,   INFORMATION_SCHEMA.CONSTRAINT_COLUMN_USAGE B
                WHERE CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'PRIMARY KEY'
                    AND A.CONSTRAINT_NAME = B.CONSTRAINT_NAME
                    AND A.TABLE_NAME = @TableName
                    AND A.TABLE_SCHEMA = @Schema";

        return databaseWrapper.Call(connection => connection.Query<string>(
            sql: sql,
            param: new { TableName = tableName, Schema = schema },
            commandType: CommandType.Text))
            .SingleOrDefault();
    }

    /// <summary>
    ///     Get Identity Column by table name
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="tableName"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public string GetIdentityColumnName(string tableName)
    {
        var sql = @"SELECT
                    c.Name
                FROM sys.objects o
                INNER JOIN sys.columns c ON o.object_id = c.object_id
                WHERE o.type = 'U'
                    AND c.is_identity = 1
                    AND o.Name = @TableName";

        return databaseWrapper.Call(connection => connection.Query<string>(
            sql: sql,
            param: new { TableName = tableName },
            commandType: CommandType.Text))
            .SingleOrDefault();
    }

    /// <summary>
    ///     Get All Stored Procedures by schema
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="schema"></param>
    /// <param name="procName"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public List<SqlStoredProcedureInfo> GetStoredProcedureInfo(string schema = null, string procName = null)
    {
        var result = new List<SqlStoredProcedureInfo>();

        var sql = @"SELECT
                        SPECIFIC_NAME AS [Name]
                    ,   SPECIFIC_SCHEMA AS [Schema]
                    ,   Created AS [Created]
                    ,   LAST_ALTERED AS [LastAltered]
                    FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.ROUTINES
                    WHERE ROUTINE_TYPE = 'PROCEDURE'
                        AND (SPECIFIC_SCHEMA = @Schema
                            OR @Schema IS NULL)
                        AND (SPECIFIC_NAME = @ProcName
                            OR @ProcName IS NULL)
                        AND ((SPECIFIC_NAME NOT LIKE 'sp_%'
                                AND SPECIFIC_NAME NOT LIKE 'procUtils_GenerateClass'
                                AND (SPECIFIC_SCHEMA = @Schema
                                    OR @Schema IS NULL))
                            OR SPECIFIC_SCHEMA <> @Schema)";

        var sprocs = databaseWrapper.Call(connection => connection.Query<SqlStoredProcedureInfo>(
            sql: sql,
            param: new { Schema = schema, ProcName = procName },
            commandType: CommandType.Text).ToList());

        foreach (var s in sprocs)
        {
            s.Parameters = GetStoredProcedureInputParameters(sprocName: s.Name, schema: schema);
            s.ResultColumns = GetColumnInfoFromStoredProcResult(storedProcName: s.Name, schema: schema);
            result.Add(s);
        }

        return result;
    }

    /// <summary>
    ///     Get Column info from Stored procedure result set
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="schema"></param>
    /// <param name="storedProcName"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public List<DataColumn> GetColumnInfoFromStoredProcResult(string schema, string storedProcName)
    {
        //this one actually needs to use the dataset because it has the only accurate information about columns and if they can be null or not.
        var sb = new StringBuilder();
        if (!String.IsNullOrEmpty(schema))
        {
            sb.Append(String.Format("exec [{0}].[{1}] ", schema, storedProcName));
        }
        else
        {
            sb.Append(String.Format("exec [{0}] ", storedProcName));
        }

        var prms = GetStoredProcedureInputParameters(schema, storedProcName);

        var count = 1;
        foreach (var param in prms)
        {
            sb.Append(String.Format("{0}=null", param.Name));
            if (count < prms.Count)
            {
                sb.Append(", ");
            }
            count++;
        }

        var ds = new DataSet();
        using (var sqlConnection = (SqlConnection)databaseWrapper.GetOpenDbConnection())
        {
            using (var sqlAdapter = new SqlDataAdapter(sb.ToString(), sqlConnection))
            {
                if (sqlConnection.State != ConnectionState.Open) sqlConnection.Open();

                sqlAdapter.SelectCommand.ExecuteReader(CommandBehavior.SchemaOnly);

                sqlConnection.Close();

                sqlAdapter.FillSchema(ds, SchemaType.Source, "MyTable");
            }
        }

        var list = new List<DataColumn>();
        if (ds.Tables.Count > 0)
        {
            list = ds.Tables["MyTable"].Columns.Cast<DataColumn>().ToList();
        }

        return list;
    }

    /// <summary>
    ///     Get the input parameters for a stored procedure
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="schema"></param>
    /// <param name="sprocName"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public List<SqlParameterInfo> GetStoredProcedureInputParameters(string schema = null, string sprocName = null)
    {
        var sql = @"SELECT
                    SCHEMA_NAME(schema_id) AS [Schema]
                ,   P.Name AS Name
                ,   @ProcName AS ProcedureName
                ,   TYPE_NAME(P.user_type_id) AS [ParameterDataType]
                ,   P.max_length AS [MaxLength]
                ,   P.Precision AS [Precision]
                ,   P.Scale AS Scale
                ,   P.has_default_value AS HasDefaultValue
                ,   P.default_value AS DefaultValue
                ,   P.object_id AS ObjectId
                ,   P.parameter_id AS ParameterId
                ,   P.system_type_id AS SystemTypeId
                ,   P.user_type_id AS UserTypeId
                ,   P.is_output AS IsOutput
                ,   P.is_cursor_ref AS IsCursor
                ,   P.is_xml_document AS IsXmlDocument
                ,   P.xml_collection_id AS XmlCollectionId
                ,   P.is_readonly AS IsReadOnly
                FROM sys.objects AS SO
                INNER JOIN sys.parameters AS P ON SO.object_id = P.object_id
                WHERE SO.object_id IN (SELECT
                            object_id
                        FROM sys.objects
                        WHERE type IN ('P', 'FN'))
                    AND (SO.Name = @ProcName
                        OR @ProcName IS NULL)
                    AND (SCHEMA_NAME(schema_id) = @Schema
                        OR @Schema IS NULL)
                ORDER BY P.parameter_id ASC";

        var result = databaseWrapper.Call(connection => connection.Query<SqlParameterInfo>(
            sql: sql,
            param: new { Schema = schema, ProcName = sprocName },
            commandType: CommandType.Text))
            .ToList();

        return result;
    }

Metadane Klucza Obcego

Zobacz to:

SELECT TABLE_SCHEMA ,
       TABLE_NAME ,
       COLUMN_NAME ,
       ORDINAL_POSITION ,
       COLUMN_DEFAULT ,
       DATA_TYPE ,
       CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH ,
       NUMERIC_PRECISION ,
       NUMERIC_PRECISION_RADIX ,
       NUMERIC_SCALE ,
       DATETIME_PRECISION
FROM   INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
where TABLE_SCHEMA in ('dbo','meta')
and table_name in (select name from sys.tables)
order by TABLE_SCHEMA ,       TABLE_NAME ,ORDINAL_POSITION